![]() ![]() In the future, more efforts will be devoted to the development of innovative biomaterial-composed microneedles with new properties (e.g., multiresponsiveness, theragnostic integration, and stepwise drug delivery) and broad applications (e.g., cell culture, wound healing, microfluidics, and flexible electronics). PT10LOADER AND PT 1039 PATCH DOWNLOAD PORTABLEThus, such microneedles are believed to play a significant part in a wide range of biomedical fields, inspiring the combination of microneedles and other practical devices such as household medical products, portable real-time detectors, and wearable biosensors. Additionally, due to the improvements of the microneedle materials, the biosafety of these microneedles could be guaranteed, making them an ideal medical device for medical use. Also, these microneedles are promising to break the bottlenecks of low delivery efficiency, unavoidable drug waste, and simple delivery modes. ![]() PT10LOADER AND PT 1039 PATCH DOWNLOAD SKINThese microneedles could possess ideal adhesion ability and good conformability to the skin and are capable to be applied to flexible, highly active, or frequently motional body parts. These smart microneedles are bionic, bioderived, or biocompatible and have unique properties (e.g., skin adhesion, dissolvability, responsiveness, and tip-substrate detachability) for meeting the demands in different application scenarios (e.g., wearable devices, rapid delivery, responsive delivery or detection, and sustained delivery). In recent years, to further improve their performances and make them qualified for the high, strict requirements of real-time applications, much effort has been devoted to developing new-generation smart microneedles. Besides, microneedles could also carry cells and facilitate cell culture, cytology tests, cytokine delivery, and so on. Today, microneedles could not only efficiently deliver proteins, small molecules, liquid drugs, and other drugs to multiple parts of the human body for disease treatment but also associate with paper chips, microfluidic systems, and other techniques for sensitive detection. ![]() By employing flexible template-based molding, top-down processing methods like etching, and bottom-up strategies like 3D printing, a large variety of microneedles such as hollow microneedles, solid microneedles, and multilayer microneedles from diverse materials including metal, glass, and hydrogel have been fabricated and put into applications. Benefitting from these advantages, microneedles have attracted increasing interest in scientific researches and medical fields, including real-time biomarker detection and transdermal drug delivery. Additionally, it is feasible to combine microneedles with other diagnosis/treatment systems and potential to employ microneedles in a wide range of applications. Besides, microneedles are easier and more convenient for medical staff or even patients to operate. Although microneedles are less suitable for precisely targeting at specific sites when compared with other minimally invasive technologies such as laser and ultrasound scalpel, they are more mild and less harmful to the human body. As they could penetrate the epidermal layer, generate channels through the skin, and avoid the contact with blood capillaries and nerves in the meanwhile, microneedles are minimally invasive, almost painless, and anti-infectious. Microneedles are a type of miniaturized medical device which contain an array of microsized needles with heights no more than 1 mm and sharp tips. Recent accomplishments, remaining challenges, and future prospects are also presented. In this review, the fabrication strategies, distinctive properties, and typical applications of the smart microneedles are discussed. Such improvements enable the microneedles to take an important step in practical applications including household drug delivery devices, wearable biosensors, biomedical assays, cell culture, and microfluidic chip analysis. In recent years, efforts have been focused on generating smart microneedles by endowing them with intriguing functions such as adhesion ability, responsiveness, and controllable drug release. Besides, microneedles with various features have been developed and the microneedle materials have greatly expanded. The fabrication process of microneedles has been simplified and becomes more precise, easy-to-operate, and reusable. ![]() Over the past decades, numerous great achievements have been made. Microneedles represent a cutting-edge and idea-inspiring technology in biomedical engineering, which have attracted increasing attention of scientific researchers and medical staffs. ![]()
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